Bicycles - bikes and technology
When talking about stiffness in bicycle frames and most other components found on the bicycle, we are referring to torsional stiffness.
Torsional stiffness means the ability of a structure, a bike frame for example, to resist twisting. This is due to the bicycle being exposed primarily to torsional forces, rather than lateral (vertical, planar) forces that would bend the frame side to side for example.